ARDALOEDD Y PROSIECT

2 Mawrth 2021• Ardaloedd Cymru

2. Ynys Seiriol

Cylchlythyr

Map Lleoliad

Cyflwyniad

Mae Ynys Seiriol ychydig oddi ar arfordir dwyreiniol Ynys Môn, wedi'i gwahanu oddi wrth Drwyn Penmon gan rasys llanwol ffyrnig Swnt Seiriol. Mae'r ynys ei hun yn gogwyddo i’r de orllewin / gogledd ddwyrain ac mae'n codi'n ddramatig o'r môr gyda chlogwyni serth ar bob ochr. Mae Ynys Seiriol hefyd yn Ardal Gwarchodaeth Arbennig (AGA) gan ei bod yn darparu noddfa bwysig i sawl rhywogaeth o adar môr fel y Fulfran, Gwylog, Llurs, Mulfran Werdd a Gwylan Goesddu. orientated south-west/north-east and rises dramatically from the sea with steep cliffs on all sides. Puffin Island is also Special Protection Area (SPA) as it provides an important sanctuary for several species of sea birds such as the Great Cormorant, Guillemot, Razorbill, Shag and Kittiwake.

Llun lletraws o'r awyr o Ynys Seiriol oddi ar arfordir Gogledd Cymru.
Llun lletraws o'r awyr o Ynys Seiriol oddi ar arfordir Gogledd Cymru.

Hanes a Henebion

Mae'r ynys yn fwyaf enwog am ei mynachlog Awgwstinaidd ganoloesol gyda'i thŵr trawiadol o'r 12fed ganrif a strwythurau mynachaidd cysylltiedig eraill. Yn cael ei hadnabod gan rai yn y gorffennol fel 'Priestholm', roedd y fynachlog ar Ynys Seiriol yn gysylltiedig â Phriordy Penmon yn ystod y cyfnod canoloesol, a gellir ymweld â’r priordy hwn o hyd heddiw.

Arolygwyd y strwythurau hyn ynghyd ag olion gwrthgloddiau clostir eglwysig cynharach posibl am y tro cyntaf yn ystod degawdau cynnar yr ugeinfed ganrif. Arolygwyd yr olion yn fanwl ac fe'u disgrifiwyd gan y Comisiwn Brenhinol yn 1937, gan adeiladu ar arolygon a gwaith cloddio cynharach. Ar drwyn gogledd-ddwyreiniol yr ynys hefyd mae olion strwythurol gorsaf delegraff o'r 19eg ganrif.

Tŵr eglwys o’r 12fed ganrif yn treiddio drwy'r canopi trwchus o lystyfiant.
Tŵr eglwys o’r 12fed ganrif yn treiddio drwy'r canopi trwchus o lystyfiant.

Pam rydym yn gweithio yma?

Ers arolygon dechrau'r 20fed ganrif prin fu'r ymchwil i olion archaeolegol yr ynys. Y rheswm am hyn yn bennaf yw bod llystyfiant trwchus wedi parhau i ledaenu ar draws yr ynys dros y degawdau diwethaf. Er mwyn rhoi sylw i’r bylchau yn y ddealltwriaeth o dreftadaeth yr ynys comisiynodd CHERISH arolwg LiDAR ar gyfer yr ynys gyfan yn 2017. Mae'r data hyn wedi caniatáu i archaeoleg gudd a than fygythiad yr ynys gael ei hasesu a'i mapio, gan ddarparu cofnodion archaeolegol llawn ar gyfer eu cadw gyda’r Cofnod Henebion Cenedlaethol. Mae data LiDAR hefyd wedi cyfuno â data Bathymetrig i greu set ddata 3D ar / oddi ar y lan ddi-dor sy'n dangos cyswllt yr ynys â'i thirwedd danddwr o amgylch. Cynhaliwyd arolygon 3D manwl o'r tŵr a'r adeiladau mynachaidd o’r 12fed ganrif sy'n dirywio gan y prosiect hefyd, drwy ddefnyddio UAV a sganio laser daearol.

Defnyddir y data 3D hyn i fonitro'r olion strwythurol ac archaeolegol gan ystyried lledaeniad y llystyfiant ar yr ynysoedd yn y dyfodol. Hefyd, mae data 3D Bathymetrig yn caniatáu monitro llongddrylliadau tanddwr sydd wedi'u lleoli oddi ar arfordir yr ynys. Oherwydd bod yr ynys mor anhygyrch bydd yr holl ddata hyn hefyd yn cael eu defnyddio i greu modelau a theithiau 3D llawn gwybodaeth a diddorol y gellir edrych arnynt gartref.
Roedd yr ymweliad traws-sefydliadol â'r ynys yn cynnwys staff o Brifysgol Lerpwl, Cadw a CHERISH.
Roedd yr ymweliad traws-sefydliadol â'r ynys yn cynnwys staff o Brifysgol Lerpwl, Cadw a CHERISH.
Cwmwl pwynt tŵr yr eglwys o’r 12fed ganrif a gynhyrchwyd drwy sganio laser daearol.
Cwmwl pwynt tŵr yr eglwys o’r 12fed ganrif a gynhyrchwyd drwy sganio laser daearol.
Y model 'ar / oddi ar y lan di-dor' a grëwyd drwy gyfuno data LiDAR a bathymetrig o wely'r môr.
Y model 'ar / oddi ar y lan di-dor' a grëwyd drwy gyfuno data LiDAR a bathymetrig o wely'r môr.

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1 Mawrth 2021• Ardaloedd Cymru

1. Y Moelrhoniad

Map Lleoliad

Cyflwyniad

Grŵp bach o ynysoedd afreolaidd eu siâp yw'r Moelrhoniaid, tua 3km oddi ar arfordir gogledd orllewin Ynys Môn. Mae'r grŵp o ynysoedd yn cynnwys ynys ganolog wedi'i hamgylchynu gan sawl ynys lai gan gynnwys Ynys Berchen i'r gogledd ddwyrain ac Ynys Arw i'r de orllewin. Maent yn adnabyddus am y goleudy hanesyddol a phwysig sydd wedi bod yn olau pwysig i longau'n mynd a dod o Lerpwl ers ei sefydlu yn 1717. Mae'r ynysoedd a'u treftadaeth yn cael eu bygwth bellach gan y peryglon a achosir gan y cynnydd yn lefel y môr ac erydiad gan fywyd gwyllt.

Llun lletraws o'r awyr o Ynysoedd y Moelrhoniaid
Llun lletraws o'r awyr o Ynysoedd y Moelrhoniaid

Hanes

Credir bod yr enw ‘Skerries’ yn Saesneg am y Moelrhoniaid wedi deillio o'r gair Saesneg 'skerry' (craig) ond gall hefyd fod â'i darddiad yn y gair Llychlynnaidd 'sker' sy'n golygu 'darn o graig, rîff' sy'n amlygu'r rôl y gallai'r ynysoedd fod wedi'i chwarae fel tirnod i forwyr Llychlynnaidd ar eu siwrneiau rhwng canolfannau Llychlynnaidd arfordirol fel Ynys Manaw, Dulyn, Caer a Phenrhyn Chilgwri.

The islands are first mentioned in 1535 as being owned by the Abbey of Conwy prior to its dissolution the same year. While under the ownership of the abbey it is said that the bishops of Conwy used to use the island as a fishing retreat. Whilst the island lacks archaeological remains from this period an early map created by William Williams in 1734 provides some placename evidence which may reflect how the islands were used and perceived during the late medieval period. Three areas of the Skerries appear to have been assigned names that refer to various ‘resting places’ which may have provenance in the time of the bishops. The southern bulge of the central island was named ‘Gorffwyffa-bach’ which translates roughly as ‘small resting place’ and the central islands which host the lighthouse and the buoy keeper’s cottage ‘Pen Gorffwyffa-fawr’ which translates as ‘top’ or ‘end of the big resting place’. The northern part of the Skerries was transcribed as ‘Gorfedd Ilawelin’, which possibly means ‘the resting place of… (an unknown individual)’. The following two centuries saw the islands change hands several times before it was eventually leased in 1713 for the construction of a lighthouse which was completed in 1717. The lighthouse itself has a long and interesting history where it was rebuilt and remodelled several times as it moved between different owners before being purchased by Trinity House for the stunning sum of £444,984.11. The lighthouse continues to serve as an important warning to vessels navigating the treacherous coast of northern Anglesey.

Llun lletraws o'r awyr o oleudy Ynys y Moelrhoniaid.
Llun lletraws o'r awyr o oleudy Ynys y Moelrhoniaid.

Pam rydym yn gweithio yma?

Y prif fygythiadau i'r ynysoedd yw lefel y môr yn codi ac erydu'r priddoedd a achosir gan fywyd gwyllt a bod yn agored i dywydd eithafol. Mae ymchwil hanesyddol ac archaeolegol cyfyngedig wedi'i gynnal gyda chofnodion archaeolegol cyfyngedig yn cael eu cadw ar gyfer yr ynysoedd. Mae CHERISH wedi defnyddio ffotograffiaeth o'r awyr a LiDAR i asesu a chofnodi archaeoleg yr ynys sydd dan fygythiad drwy fapio nodweddion o ffynonellau o'r awyr a darparu cofnodion archaeolegol llawn ar gyfer eu cadw gyda'r Cofnod Henebion Cenedlaethol. Roedd casglu data 3D LiDAR yn rhoi sylw hefyd i ddiffyg data 3D manylder uchel ar gyfer yr ynysoedd. Y tu hwnt i'r prosiect defnyddir y data hyn i fodelu effeithiau cynnydd yn lefel y môr yn y dyfodol ar yr ynysoedd a'u treftadaeth strwythurol a’r cynefin pwysig i adar môr.

Llun o fodel DEM lidar y Moelrhoniaid gan ddefnyddio delweddu Dadansoddi Prif Gydrannau (PCA) 16 cyfeiriad
Llun o fodel DEM lidar y Moelrhoniaid gan ddefnyddio delweddu Dadansoddi Prif Gydrannau (PCA) 16 cyfeiriad

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11 Chwefror 2018• Ardaloedd Iwerddon

North County Wexford

Map Lleoliad

Kilmichael Point

Photograph of the collapsing coast guard boat house at Kilmichael Point
Photograph of the collapsing coast guard boat house at Kilmichael Point

At Kilmichael Point, the old Coastguard Station and the surrounding area have been the subject of repeated surveys to monitor the rate of change on this heavily eroding section of coastline. The team have conducted laser scan survey of the old Coastguard station as well as UAV (or drone) mapping survey and aerial survey of the coastline from a light aircraft.

Glasscarrig

Oblique aerial photograph of Glascarrig motte and bailey site with associated deserted settlement. The site is actively being eroding by the sea.
Oblique aerial photograph of Glascarrig motte and bailey site with associated deserted settlement. The site is actively being eroding by the sea.

The site of Glascarrig motte and bailey is located on a slight promontory overlooking the coast. In 1167, Diarmuid Mac Murchada landed at Glascarrig on his return to Ireland, having requested the help of King Henry II to recover his kingdom of Leinster.

The motte and bailey castle were probably constructed by William de Caunteton at the end of the 12th century. In 1311, Glascarrig was destroyed by MacMurchadas. At this time a substantial settlement consisting of 48 burgages is recorded at Glascarrig and the site may have been abandoned after this attack. The site of this settlement was not located by an extensive geo-physical survey of the area, raising the possibility that the settlement site has already been eroded. Previous research in the are estimated that the motte was originally 240m further inland. The motte, a grass-covered flat topped mound, almost 6m in height and 36m in diameter, is defined by a flat bottomed fosse. To the south of the motte is an enclosed area or bailey which is outlined by an earthen bank. The site is located in an area of glacial drift making it particularly susceptible to erosion. Erosion of the eastern extent of the bailey and the fosse has produced a rich collection of pottery and animal bones.

The motte and its landscape setting have been mapped by UAV survey twice so far for the CHERISH project (June 2018 and February 2019). The 2018 survey established the baseline, against which future surveys could be precisely compared to detect change. The CHERISH team have engaged with the landowners and the the Glascarrig Medieval Village Historical and Archaeological Survey Group.

Killincooley Beg

Oblique aerial photograph of the ringfort at Killincooley Beg with its eastern banks eroding into the soft sediment sea cliffsOblique aerial photograph of the ringfort at Killincooley Beg with its eastern banks eroding into the soft sediment sea cliffs

Looking through 19th- to 21st-century maps and aerial images, the rath or ringfort at Killincooley Beg advances towards the cliff edge. Today, the sea has arrived to erode the external bank. Today, the rath sits precariously over the 20m high cliffs of soft collapsing glacial till.

This area has a contemporary early medieval site of Saint Mochain’s well revealing an important tradition of early connections across the Irish Sea. Saint Mochonóg was an early saint who founded a monastery at Kilmuckrige. He was a son of Saxon princess Dína and a 5th-century south Wales king called Brychan Brycheiniog. There are further local reports of the discovery of a 4m-long canoe in a nearby stream.
The circular rath is around 28m in diameter with a ditch and two banks. It lies on a south facing slope. The ring fort has had post medieval field boundaries built over its northern and western sides. These walls are thinner and higher than the original older banks of the rath. The original double banks have spread out over a wider area from gravity over 1000 years since abandonment. The entrance was probably on the southern side where the banks are lower and the ditch is shallower.

There is local folklore about the ring fort. This includes it being a fairy ring, and cattle and sheep strangely never graze in it today.

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